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Wise Old Man and Wise Old Woman
In Jung's theory of analytical psychology, the Wise Old Woman and the Wise Old Man are archetypes of the Collective Unconscious. 'The "wise old woman"...() helpful "old woman" is a well-known symbol in myths and fairy tales for the wisdom of the eternal female nature'.〔Jolande Jacobi, "Symbols in an Individual Analysis" in C. G . Jung ed., ''Man and his Symbols'' (London 1978) p. 331 and p. 335〕 The 'Wise Old Man, or some other very powerful aspect of eternal masculinity'〔Barbara Hannah, ''Striving towards Wholeness'' (Boston 1988) p. 291〕 is her male counterpart.
==Individuation==
In Jung's thought, the individuation process was marked by a sequence of archetypes, each acquiring predominance at successive stages, and so reflecting what he termed an ascending psychic scale or 'hierarchy of the unconscious'.〔C. G. Jung, ''Two Essays on Analytical Psychology'' (London 1953) p. 226〕 Thus, starting with the intermediate position of 'anima or animus...just as the latter have a higher position in the hierarchy than the shadow, so wholeness lays claim to a position and a value superior'〔C. G. Jung, ''Aion'' (London 1959) p. 31〕 still. The Wise Old Woman and Man, as what he termed "Mana" personalities or "supraordinate" personalities, stood for that wholeness of the self: 'the ''mother'' ("Primordial Mother" and "Earth Mother") as a supraordinary personality...as the "self"'.〔C. G. Jung, ''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious'' (London 1996) p. 183 and p. 187〕
As von Franz put it, 'If an individual has wrestled seriously and long enough with the anima (or animus) problem, so that he, or she, is no longer partially identified with it, the unconscious again changes its dominant character and appears in a new symbolic form representing the Self, the innermost nucleus of the personality. In the dreams of a woman this centre is usually personified as a superior female figure - a priestess, sorceress, earth mother, or goddess of nature or love. In the case of a man, it manifests itself as a masculine initiator and guardian (an Indian ''guru''), a wise old man, a spirit of nature and so forth'.〔M.-L. von Franz, "The Process of Individuation", in C. G. Jung ed., ''Symbols'' p. 207-8〕
The masculine initiator was described by Jung as 'a figure of the same sex corresponding to the father-imago...the mana-personality ()s a dominant of the collective unconscious, the recognized archetype of the mighty man in the form of hero, chief, magician, medicine-man, saint, the ruler of men and spirits'.〔Jung, ''Two Essays'' p. 226-7〕 Similarly, 'the wise Old Woman figure represented by Hecate or the Crone ...the Great Mother'〔Claire Douglas, ''The Old Woman's Daughter'' (Texas 2006) p. 42〕 stood for an aspect of the mother-imago. The archetypes of the collective unconscious can thus be seen as inner representations of the same-sex parent - as an 'imago built up from parental influences plus the specific reactions of the child'.〔Jung, ''Two Essays'' p. 184-5〕 Consequently, for the Jungian, 'the making conscious of those contents which constitute the archetype of the mana personality signifies therefore "for the man the second and true liberation from the father, for the woman that from the mother, and therewith the first perception of their own unique individuality"'.〔Jung, quoted in Jolande Jacobi, ''The Psychology of C. G. Jung: An Introduction'' (London 1946) p. 116〕
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